“反过来想,总是反过来想。把问题或情况颠倒过来。从反面看它。”
“Invert, always invert. Turn a situation or problem upside down. Look at it backward.”
— Charlie Munger(1996年斯坦福法学院演讲《Practical Thought》;语出Jacobi)
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逆向思维是芒格最出名的思维模型:不先问"怎样才能成功",而是先问"怎样注定失败",然后系统性地绕开那些注定失败的路。下面 5 条是芒格谈逆向思维时最常被引用的原话。
“反过来想,总是反过来想。把问题或情况颠倒过来。从反面看它。”
“Invert, always invert. Turn a situation or problem upside down. Look at it backward.”
— Charlie Munger(1996年斯坦福法学院演讲《Practical Thought》;语出Jacobi)
“告诉我我会死在哪里,我就不去那里。”
“All I want to know is where Im going to die, so Ill never go there.”
— Charlie Munger(Berkshire Hathaway 股东信,1996)
反过来想,总是反过来想。不要想如何成功——想想什么会导致失败,然后避免它。
Invert, always invert. Dont think about how to succeed — think about what causes failure, and avoid it.
— 转述(据芒格相关论述整理)
“反过来想,总是反过来想。许多难题只有在逆向思考的时候才能得到最好的解决。”
“Invert, always invert. Many hard problems are best solved when they are addressed backward.”
— Carl Jacobi(芒格1996年演讲《Practical Thought About Practical Thought》引述)
“人们总是低估了简单地远离愚蠢的行为所能带来的好处。”
“People underrate the importance of a few simple big ideas. And I think to the extent Berkshire has been a success, its because we have a few big simple ideas that we stick to.”
— Charlie Munger(1997年伯克希尔股东大会)