关键要点
- 第二波 wokeness（2010年代）的推手之一是社交媒体：Reddit 数据显示，让用户愤怒的内容获得点赞的概率是三倍。
- 新闻业的商业模式从订阅转向广告/点击，愤怒和道德讨伐成为流量引擎。
- 大学和机构的职业官僚（DEI 办公室等）需要不断定义新的异端来证明自身存在。
- 告密者的动机之一是：他们总会做一件事暴露自己——定义新的异端来惩罚人。
- 只要有正统 vs 异端的概念，正统就会成为美德的替代品。
—— 本文选自东西书院 dongxishuyuan.com
PG 原话
我们的用户给让他们愤怒的内容点赞的概率，大约是三倍。
our users were about three times more likely to upvote something if it outraged them.
他们总会做一件事暴露自己：定义新的异端来惩罚人。
they always do one thing that gives them away: they define new heresies to punish people for.
每当一个社会有了异端与正统的概念，正统就会成为美德的替代品。
Whenever a society has a concept of heresy and orthodoxy, orthodoxy becomes a substitute for virtue.
出处
- 英文原题：The Origins of Wokeness（2025年1月）
- 原文：https://www.paulgraham.com/woke.html
- 本书院编译 · 底本为 paulgraham.com 英文原典
中文为本书院编译（意译），关键英文术语保留原文；英文引文逐字核验为原典连续子串。
延伸阅读 · 跨篇互见
会反击的过滤器：让垃圾邮件的发送量反噬发件人
贝叶斯过滤器若自动爬取可疑邮件中的链接，垃圾邮件的海量发送就会变成打向发件人自己的回马枪。
We may be able to improve the accuracy of Bayesian spam filters by having them follow links to see whats waiting at the other end.
Pump out a million emails an hour, get a million hits an hour on your servers.
场景交集：判断力、竞争应对、决策出处：Filters that Fight Back · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
石英危机后瑞士表从卖工程转向卖品牌：当产品实质差异消失，剩下的就是品牌。
Brand is whats left when the substantive differences between products disappear.
The present era of mechanical watchmaking doesnt yet have a name. But if we need one, its obvious what it should be: the brand age.
场景交集：判断力、竞争应对、决策出处：The Brand Age · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
偏见的定义就是：被歧视的群体要更优秀才能入选，所以入选后他们的表现会更好——看这个就知道有没有偏见。
Want to know if the selection process was biased against some type of applicant? Check whether they outperform the others. This is not just a heuristic for detecting bias. Its what bias means.
Which means applicants of type x who do make it through the selection process will outperform other successful applicants.
场景交集：判断力、决策出处：A Way to Detect Bias · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
财富税与所得税的换算系数约等于20：1%财富税相当于20%所得税。
In fact the conversion rate between them is about 20. A wealth tax of 1% is equivalent to an income tax of 20%.
To convert between wealth and income tax rates, you have to divide by the rate of return on capital.
场景交集：判断力、决策出处：How to Convert Between Wealth and Income Tax · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
本区为 L2 延展案例（跨篇互见）：PG 其他原典中的相关论述，仍属原典直读；引文均为逐字核验。解读与主编观点见 L3（筹备中）。