关键要点
- 两种温和:刻意的(trimmer,在左右极端中间取位)和意外的(每题自己判断,左右错得差不多,平均下来居中)。
- 分辨法看观点分布:极左 0、极右 100,刻意温和派每题都在 50 附近;意外温和派观点散布很广、平均约 50。
- 刻意温和派和 ideologue 一样是批量买观点:对税收的看法能从对性的看法预测;中位数一移,他必须跟着移,否则就不温和了。
- 意外温和派连题目都自己选:左右都觉得天大的事,他可能根本不 care;你只能从他 care 的问题与左右议题的交集里量他的政治立场——交集可能小到忽略不计。
- “不和我们站一边就是反对我们”不只是话术,常常就是错的;公开做意外温和派需要最大勇气:左右夹击,还没有大群体的正统归属感取暖。
- PG 认识的最 impressive 的人几乎全是意外温和派;和想法打交道的工作必须独立思考,否则只能 mediocre。
—— 本文选自东西书院 dongxishuyuan.com
PG 原话
ideologue 的定义特征——无论左右——是批量买入观点。
The defining quality of an ideologue, whether on the left or the right, is to acquire ones opinions in bulk.
公开做意外温和派需要最大的勇气,因为你会被左右夹击
openly being an accidental moderate requires the most courage of all, because you get attacked from both right and left
我认识的最 impressive 的人,几乎全是意外温和派。
Nearly all the most impressive people I know are accidental moderates.
出处
- 英文原题:The Two Kinds of Moderate(2019年12月)
- 原文:https://www.paulgraham.com/mod.html
- 本书院编译 · 底本为 paulgraham.com 英文原典
中文为本书院编译(意译),关键英文术语保留原文;英文引文逐字核验为原典连续子串。
延伸阅读 · 跨篇互见
超越数学物理的最一般真理,就是外星智慧生命也会认同的真理;寻找它们,才是哲学该干的正事。
If youre trying to find the most general truths short of those of math or physics, then presumably theyll be those wed share in common with other forms of intelligent life.
The point of the idea of alien truth is not that it gives us a way to speculate about what forms intelligent life might take, but that it gives us a threshold, or more precisely a target, for truth.
场景交集:判断力、决策出处:Alien Truth · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
按传统/独立×被动/激进画出四类人;新想法全在独立派手里,社会繁荣取决于能否挡住激进传统派。
To be a successful scientist, for example, its not enough just to be right. You have to be right when everyone else is wrong.
societies prosper only to the extent that they have customs for keeping the conventional-minded at bay.
场景交集:判断力、决策出处:The Four Quadrants of Conformism · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
疫情是罕见的硬检验:预测被迅速、无歧义地证伪;记住那些人,这是检验可信度最准的标尺。
They didnt realize there was any danger in making false predictions.
An event like this is thus a uniquely powerful way of taking peoples measure.
场景交集:判断力、决策出处:Coronavirus and Credibility · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
警惕“爸爸式财富观”:财富是创造出来的,不是分配的
人们对收入差距的愤怒,多半源于童年误以为财富像零食一样由家长分配;财富其实要靠创造。
In fact, wealth is not money. Money is just a convenient way of trading one form of wealth for another.
Jobs and Wozniak didnt have to make us poor to make themselves rich. Quite the opposite: they created things that made our lives materially richer.
场景交集:判断力、决策出处:Mind the Gap · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
本区为 L2 延展案例(跨篇互见):PG 其他原典中的相关论述,仍属原典直读;引文均为逐字核验。解读与主编观点见 L3(筹备中)。