§ 01
关键要点
- 爱因斯坦：“Few people are capable of expressing with equanimity opinions which differ from the prejudices of their social environment...”——特权让人盲。
- 正统特权：越传统的人，越觉得人人表达观点都安全——因为他的观点来源就是“当下可接受的信念”，他 literally 想象不出哪句真话会惹麻烦。
- 但历史上每个时代都有说出来会惹麻烦的真话；默认假设应是“我们这个时代也不例外”，而非“我们是第一个例外”。
- 极端患者不仅否认有不能说的真话，还会因你说“有”而指控你 heresy；别被激怒——他们是真诚的，世界在他们眼里真是这样。
- 这是最顽固的特权：别的盲学一学就能治，正统特权要治得让人变得更独立——一次谈话的时间尺度不够。
- 解法或许是诉诸礼貌：有人说听到你听不到的高频噪音，礼貌的做法是信他；同理，有人说能想到不能说的真话，礼貌的做法也是信他。
—— 本文选自东西书院 dongxishuyuan.com
§ 02
PG 原话
一个人越传统，在他看来就越觉得人人表达观点都是安全的。
The more conventional-minded someone is, the more it seems to them that its safe for everyone to express their opinions.
在传统派看来，自己并不是传统，只是正确而已。
It doesnt seem to conventional-minded people that theyre conventional-minded. It just seems to them that theyre right.
§ 03
出处
- 英文原题：Orthodox Privilege（2020年7月）
- 原文：https://www.paulgraham.com/orth.html
- 本书院编译 · 底本为 paulgraham.com 英文原典
中文为本书院编译（意译），关键英文术语保留原文；英文引文逐字核验为原典连续子串。
§ 04
延伸阅读 · 跨篇互见
最有价值的洞见兼具普遍性与意外性；做不到时，一点点新意乘以巨大普适面就是成就。
大多数时候你能得到的只是一点点新意增量。这意味着走这条路，你的想法会看起来很像已经存在的想法。有时你会发现自己只不过是重新发现了一个本来就存在的想法。但别灰心。记住，当你真的想出一点新东西时，那个巨大的乘数效应就会启动。
A small delta of novelty is all youll be able to get most of the time. Which means if you take this route, your ideas will seem a lot like ones that already exist. Sometimes youll find youve merely rediscovered an idea that did already exist. But dont be discouraged. Remember the huge multiplier that kicks in when you do manage to think of something even a little new.
A small delta of novelty is all youll be able to get most of the time. Which means if you take this route, your ideas will seem a lot like ones that already exist. Sometimes youll find youve merely rediscovered an idea that did already exist. But dont be discouraged. Remember the huge multiplier that kicks in when you do manage to think of something even a little new.
“太阳底下无新事”这话不对。有些领域确实几乎没有新东西。但“没有”和“几乎没有”之间差别巨大——当它乘以太阳底下的面积时。
Its not true that theres nothing new under the sun. There are some domains where theres almost nothing new. But theres a big difference between nothing and almost nothing, when its multiplied by the area under the sun.
Its not true that theres nothing new under the sun. There are some domains where theres almost nothing new. But theres a big difference between nothing and almost nothing, when its multiplied by the area under the sun.
场景交集：判断力、写作出处：General and Surprising · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
电视之死：杀死电视的不是网络，是电脑
电视是被电脑杀死的——答案是电脑，因为它让个体能掌控注意力：旧媒介的衰落史证明，新媒介赢的方式是先让在位者害怕。
我们现在知道答案了：电脑。
We now know the answer: computers.
We now know the answer: computers.
Facebook 杀死了电视。这当然极度简化了，但三字概括的话大概离真相最近。
Facebook killed TV. That is wildly oversimplified, of course, but probably as close to the truth as you can get in three words.
Facebook killed TV. That is wildly oversimplified, of course, but probably as close to the truth as you can get in three words.
场景交集：判断力出处：Why TV Lost · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
大学排名是个弱信号：看人不看学校
YC 的数据证明：毕业院校对创始人成功几乎没有预测力，看人别看学校。
和一个人谈一分钟学到的东西，比知道他上了哪所学校学到的更多。
We can learn more about someone in the first minute of talking to them than by knowing where they went to school.
We can learn more about someone in the first minute of talking to them than by knowing where they went to school.
学校之间的差异远小于人与人之间的差异，小到相比之下可以忽略不计。
the variation between schools is so much smaller than the variation between individuals that its negligible by comparison.
the variation between schools is so much smaller than the variation between individuals that its negligible by comparison.
场景交集：判断力出处：News from the Front · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
本区为 L2 延展案例（跨篇互见）：PG 其他原典中的相关论述，仍属原典直读；引文均为逐字核验。解读与主编观点见 L3（筹备中）。