关键要点
- 令人意外但成立:有时无需知道申请人池,就能检测出选拔过程中的偏见——第三方也能用这招,不管选拔者愿不愿意。
- 条件有三:拿到被选中的随机样本、入选者的后续表现可度量、被比较群体的能力分布大致相当。
- 原理:偏见意味着 x 类申请人更难通过,即他们必须比非 x 类更优秀才能入选;于是入选的 x 类申请人事后表现会超过其他入选者。
- 测表现的标尺必须有效,且不能被你要测的偏见本身污染。
- 实例:First Round Capital 的研究(大概是无意的)显示,其组合中有女性创始人的公司表现比没有的高63%——这正是对自身选拔偏见的研究。
- PG 预测这招会越来越常用:申请者数据虽被严守,但“谁被选中了”的数据如今常可公开聚合。
—— 本文选自东西书院 dongxishuyuan.com
PG 原话
想知道选拔过程是否对某类申请人有偏见?看他们是否表现得比别人好。这不只是检测偏见的启发法,偏见就是这个意思。
Want to know if the selection process was biased against some type of applicant? Check whether they outperform the others. This is not just a heuristic for detecting bias. Its what bias means.
这意味着通过选拔的 x 类申请人,表现会超过其他成功的申请人。
Which means applicants of type x who do make it through the selection process will outperform other successful applicants.
出处
- 英文原题:A Way to Detect Bias(2015年10月)
- 原文:https://www.paulgraham.com/bias.html
- 本书院编译 · 底本为 paulgraham.com 英文原典
中文为本书院编译(意译),关键英文术语保留原文;英文引文逐字核验为原典连续子串。
延伸阅读 · 跨篇互见
异端正在世俗形式下复活:某些观点一旦表达,其份量压过说话者的一切功绩,且不问真假。
Structurally there are two distinctive things about heresy: (1) that it takes priority over the question of truth or falsity, and (2) that it outweighs everything else the speaker has done.
A heresy is an opinion whose expression is treated like a crime — one that makes some people feel not merely that youre mistaken, but that you should be punished.
场景交集:判断力、决策出处:Heresy · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
Ron Conway 靠行善变得强大:在足够互联和不可预测的世界里,你装不出好人,只能真当好人。
It was by being benevolent that Ronco became so powerful.
In a sufficiently connected and unpredictable world, you cant seem good without being good.
场景交集:判断力、决策出处:The Ronco Principle · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
美国只占世界人口不到5%;若天赋均匀分布,95%的优秀程序员生在美国之外——移民是最便宜的解法。
The US has less than 5% of the worlds population. Which means if the qualities that make someone a great programmer are evenly distributed, 95% of great programmers are born outside the US.
So please, get on with it.
场景交集:决策、招聘出处:Let the Other 95% of Great Programmers In · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
工会的另类解释:增长行业的溢价
高薪工会岗位不是工人运动的功劳,而是高速增长行业为可靠供给支付的溢价。
In a rapidly growing market, you dont worry too much about efficiency. Its more important to grow fast.
Basically, unions were just Razorfish.
场景交集:决策、招聘出处:An Alternative Theory of Unions · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
本区为 L2 延展案例(跨篇互见):PG 其他原典中的相关论述,仍属原典直读;引文均为逐字核验。解读与主编观点见 L3(筹备中)。