关键要点
- 限定用途捐款（restricted donations）是非营利界的隐形诅咒：大额捐款默认就带限定，而这通常是坏主意——捐款人想要的用法通常不是非营利组织会选的，否则何须限定？
- 谁更懂钱该花在哪，非营利组织还是捐款人？如果非营利组织还不如捐款人懂，那它就是 incompetent，你根本不该捐——所以限定捐款先天 suboptimal：要么捐给了差组织，要么捐给了错事。
- 两个例外：伞形组织（如大学，名义上是一个非营利）、捐款人自己就是领域专家（如盖茨基金会有明确目标，常做限定捐款）。
- 为什么捐款人总爱限定？做好事不是唯一动机——还要留名、 publicity、合规；很多人根本没想过有限定/不限定之分，以为捐款天生就是指定用途的；非营利组织也不敢纠正——对大金主没法 candor。
- 结论：想捐，就不限定用途；既然信任他们花你的钱，就信任他们决定怎么花。
—— 本文选自东西书院 dongxishuyuan.com
PG 原话
如果非营利组织还不如捐款人懂钱该花在哪，那它就是无能的，你根本不该捐给它。
If a nonprofit doesnt understand better than its donors where money needs to be spent, then its incompetent and you shouldnt be donating to it at all.
想捐款给非营利组织，就不限定用途；既然信任他们花你的钱，就信任他们决定怎么花。
If you want to donate to a nonprofit, donate unrestricted. If you trust them to spend your money, trust them to decide how.
出处
- 英文原题：Donate Unrestricted（2021年3月）
- 原文：https://www.paulgraham.com/donate.html
- 本书院编译 · 底本为 paulgraham.com 英文原典
中文为本书院编译（意译），关键英文术语保留原文；英文引文逐字核验为原典连续子串。
延伸阅读 · 跨篇互见
Noora Health 发行救命 NFT：为南亚新生儿护理项目筹款，拍得越高救的人越多。
For every 1000 live births, they save 9 babies.
Noora is so effective that even if you measure their costs in the most conservative way, by dividing their entire budget by the number of lives saved, the cost of saving a life is the lowest Ive seen. $1,235.
场景交集：决策出处：An NFT That Saves Lives · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
财富税会复利：1% 税率 60 年拿走 45% 股票；2% 税率加 $5000 万起征点，拿走约三分之二。
So a straight 1% wealth tax means the government will over the course of your life take 45% of your stock.
A 2% wealth tax with a $50 million threshold takes about two thirds of a successful founders stock.
场景交集：决策出处：Modeling a Wealth Tax · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
跟大公司的 Corp Dev 谈通常是错的——除非你现在就想卖且大概率拿到可接受的报价；中间地带最危险。
Its usually a mistake to talk to corp dev unless (a) you want to sell your company right now and (b) youre sufficiently likely to get an offer at an acceptable price.
Boys, do you know why I never became a drunkard? Because I never took the first drink.
场景交集：决策出处：Dont Talk to Corp Dev · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
快照：1998 年 6 月的 Viaweb
一张收购前夜的网站快照，记录了 1998 年互联网的原始模样。
Back in the 90s, to get users you had to get mentioned in magazines and newspapers.
In those days there was no AWS. Even colocating servers seemed too risky, considering how often things went wrong with them.
场景交集：决策出处：Snapshot: Viaweb, June 1998 · paulgraham.com 原文 ↗
本区为 L2 延展案例（跨篇互见）：PG 其他原典中的相关论述，仍属原典直读；引文均为逐字核验。解读与主编观点见 L3（筹备中）。